Natural Resources
Natural selection is a choosing or selection by nature to individuals having adaptive characteristics to certain environment.
Individuals that succeed the selection will survive while those failing in selection will decrease or become extract.Natural selection needs a long time.
3 requirements for natural selection to occurs
1.there are variables and competitions among species
2. adaptive members reproduce more offspring
3.the next generations gradually have better adaptation ability to the environment
Examples of natural selections:
1.natural selection of moth (biston betularia) in England
2.Various beat shapes of finch living in Galapagos island.
Individuals that succeed the selection will survive while those failing in selection will decrease or become extract.Natural selection needs a long time.
3 requirements for natural selection to occurs
1.there are variables and competitions among species
2. adaptive members reproduce more offspring
3.the next generations gradually have better adaptation ability to the environment
Examples of natural selections:
1.natural selection of moth (biston betularia) in England
2.Various beat shapes of finch living in Galapagos island.
Moth
Before the industrial revolution, White peppered moth have more numerous/ higher numbers than the black peppered moth. But, after the industrial revolution, The number/ amount of the White peppered moth is less than the black peppered moth. This occurs because the white peppered moth's inability to adapt to new environments. Before the industrial revolution in England, the air in England is still free from industrial smoke, so, the amount/ number of the black peppered moth decline, because the black peppered moth can’t adapt with its environment. But, after the industrial revolution, the air in the UK be darkened by industrial smoke and dust, so the amount/ number of the white peppered moth decline because they can not adapt with the environment, and that makes the White peppered moth be easily to be chaught by their predators.
Finch
A few million years ago, one species of finch migrated to the rocky Galapagos from the mainland of Central or South America. From this one migrant species would come many, at least 13 species of finch evolving from the single ancestor.
This process in which one species gives rise to multiple species that exploit different niches is called adaptive radiation. The ecological niches exert the selection pressures that push the populations in various directions.
On various islands, finch species have become adapted for different diets: seeds, insects, flowers, the blood of seabirds, and leaves.The ancestral finch was a ground-dwelling, seed-eating finch.
After the burst of speciation in the Galapagos, a total of 14 species would exist: three species of ground-dwelling seed-eaters; three others living on cactuses and eating seeds; one living in trees and eating seeds; and 7 species of tree-dwelling insect-eaters. There is a Changing from year to year dramatically altering the food supply.
As a result, certain of the finches have lived or died depending on which species' beak structure was best adapted for the most abundant food. The beak of each species is suited to its preferred food, suggesting that beak shapes evolved by natural selection.
Beetles
Some beetles are green and some are brown. Since the environment can't support unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do. The surviving brown beetles have brown baby beetles because this trait has a genetic basis. The more advantageous trait, brown coloration, which allows the beetle to have more offspring, becomes more common in the population. If this process continues, eventually, all individuals in the population will be brown.
Peacocks
The more impressive the tail of a male peacock, the higher its chances of finding a mate. Female peacocks choose mates based on the color of the feathers and the overall physical prowess of the animal.
According to experts, the brightness of the plumage might signal to females that the animal has high-quality genes. This would make him ideal for reproduction and to ensure the survival of the offspring, so they're chosen first when it's time to.
In reality, not all males have bright, large tails, and this was especially true a few thousand years ago. And because females kept choosing the brightest males as partners, the ones without the impressive tails were less likely to mate and reproduce. As a result, their numbers diminished from one generation to the next, making them rare today.
According to experts, the brightness of the plumage might signal to females that the animal has high-quality genes. This would make him ideal for reproduction and to ensure the survival of the offspring, so they're chosen first when it's time to.
In reality, not all males have bright, large tails, and this was especially true a few thousand years ago. And because females kept choosing the brightest males as partners, the ones without the impressive tails were less likely to mate and reproduce. As a result, their numbers diminished from one generation to the next, making them rare today.
Deer Mouse
Nebraska's Sand Hills is home to a deer mouse that's one of the quickest-evolving examples of natural selection in animals.
The deer mouse is normally dark brown, which is a good color for mice living in the woods and surrounding areas, since it allows them to hide better and avoid predators.
The deer mouse that lives in the Sand Hills, however, has evolved into a much lighter, sand-like color. Without this change, the deer mouse would be easily spotted by predators against the area's light terrain. Just one single gene had to change for the mouse's coat to become lighter. What's even more impressive? The change took only about 8,000 years, which is the equivalent to seconds in the evolutionary scale.
The deer mouse is normally dark brown, which is a good color for mice living in the woods and surrounding areas, since it allows them to hide better and avoid predators.
The deer mouse that lives in the Sand Hills, however, has evolved into a much lighter, sand-like color. Without this change, the deer mouse would be easily spotted by predators against the area's light terrain. Just one single gene had to change for the mouse's coat to become lighter. What's even more impressive? The change took only about 8,000 years, which is the equivalent to seconds in the evolutionary scale.